Crumar
Crumar, Italian manufacturer of electronic keyboards and combo organs (Padua; company founded 1969), one of the earliest names in the first wave of electronic attempts to copy the Hammond sound.^[raw/articles/wikipedia-clonewheel-organ.md]
Products
- Early 1970s first-wave Hammond emulators: the Crumar Organizer console models ("Maharani", "Pergamon") and portable models (Haven, Organizer, Organizer2, Organizer T1/T2, Tokata), alongside the Roland VK-1/VK-9 and Yamaha YC45D.^[raw/articles/wikipedia-hammond-organ.md]^[raw/articles/wikipedia-clonewheel-organ.md]
- Later clonewheel-era products: the VIP series ('70s), Professional 88 and 110 (1977/78), and the DS-2 string synthesizer — see clonewheel organ.^[raw/articles/wikipedia-clonewheel-organ.md]
Place in the story
- The pre-digital emulation trail runs: Crumar Organizer (1970s) → Korg CX-3 (1980, first analog clonewheel to truly approach a vintage Hammond) → full virtual modeling (Roland VK-7, Clavia Nord). See B-3 vs clonewheels.
Related
- manufacturers/korg / manufacturers/roland-corporation — fellow clonewheel makers
- hammond-b3 — the instrument the emulators chase
- concepts/clonewheel-organ — the technology concept